释义和例句译文目前只有英文。
4 级 · 第 1 册
“将要”：说将来会发生的事
“将要”: Talking about a future event
“将要”放在动词前，表示某个动作或变化将在以后发生。它常用于叙述或较正式的表达，也可以和具体的时间搭配。
例句
- 新学期将要开始。The new term is about to begin.
- 我们下周将要学习怎样介绍自己做的东西。Next week, we will learn how to introduce things we have made.
“先……再／然后……”：动作的顺序
“先……再／然后……”: The order of actions
“先”说明较早的动作，“再”或“然后”说明后面的动作。这些动作按句子所说的顺序发生。
例句
- 我先听录音，再读课文。I listen to the recording first, then read the text.
- 我先想好要说什么，然后把自己的话录下来。I decide what to say first, then record myself.
“敢＋动词”：有勇气做某事
“敢＋verb”: Having the courage to do something
“敢”放在动词前，表示有勇气做某事；“不敢”表示因为害怕或担心而没有勇气做。它和表示能力的“会”不同。
例句
- 他会弹吉他，可是还不敢在很多人面前弹。He can play the guitar, but does not yet dare to play in front of a large audience.
- 和王明一起练了几次以后，李安敢在大家面前说几句话了。After practising with Wang Ming a few times, Li An had the courage to say a few words in front of everyone.
“互相”：你对我，我也对你
Reciprocal actions with “互相”
“互相”放在动词前，表示动作在双方之间进行。比如“我们互相了解”表示我了解你，你也了解我；不只是说两个人都在做同样的事。主语可以是“我们”“他们”等复数形式，也可以明确说出双方。
例句
- 我们互相问了很多问题。We asked each other many questions.
- 露西和郭言互相介绍家乡的生活。Lucy and Guo Yan tell each other about life in their hometowns.
“一屋子”：用名词表示数量
“一屋子”: A roomful of something
“屋子”可以借作量词。“一屋子家具”表示家具放满了一个房间。也可以说“一桌子菜”“一盒鸡蛋”。
例句
- 搬家那天，客厅里是一屋子箱子。On moving day, the living room was full of boxes.
- 桌上放着一盒鸡蛋。There is a box of eggs on the table.
“一大间屋子”：数量短语中的形容词
“一大间屋子”: An adjective in a quantity phrase
部分数量短语可以在数词和量词之间加形容词，如“一大间屋子”“一小杯水”。这种搭配有习惯限制，不能随意把形容词放进所有数量短语。
例句
- 他们租了一大间屋子。They rented a large room.
- 我只喝了一小杯水。I only drank a small glass of water.
把字句：宾语后也可以有状语
A 把 sentence with an adverbial after the object
有些把字句可以在宾语后、动词前放表示方式等的状语，如“把鸡蛋慢慢倒进去”。这里的“慢慢”说明动作怎样进行。
例句
- 他把碗里的水慢慢倒进杯子。He slowly poured the water from the bowl into the cup.
- 请把这句话再说一遍。Please say this sentence once more.
“首先……然后……”：说明先后
“首先……然后……” for sequencing
“首先”引出第一步，“然后”引出后面的动作。后面的步骤还可以用“最后”等词连接。
例句
- 首先准备好要用的东西，然后开始做饭。First get everything you need ready, then start cooking.
- 首先洗手，然后再吃饭。First wash your hands, then eat.
“不怎么”：程度不高
“不怎么”: Not very much
“不怎么”常放在动词或形容词前，表示程度不高或次数不多，通常不等于完全不。
例句
- 我不怎么爱吃甜的东西。I am not very keen on sweet food.
- 他最近不怎么在家吃早饭。He has not been eating breakfast at home much recently.
“不是……就是……”：限定范围中的两种可能
“不是……就是……” for two alternatives
“不是A，就是B”表示在当前说话范围内，通常是A或B中的一种。
例句
- 这个时间，他不是在教室，就是在图书馆。At this time of day, he is either in the classroom or in the library.
- 她午饭后不是散步，就是看书。After lunch, she either goes for a walk or reads.
“袋”：表示一袋的数量
“袋”: A bagful
“袋”可作量词，表示用袋子装的一份东西，如“一袋青菜”“两袋米”。袋子的大小不同，一袋不一定有固定的重量。
例句
- 我买了一袋苹果。I bought a bag of apples.
- 请把这两袋米放在门边。Please put these two bags of rice by the door.
“一盒”：用容器表示数量
“一盒”: Measuring by container
“盒子”是容器的名称，“盒”也可以借作量词。“一盒葡萄”指一盒装的葡萄，“一个盒子”指盒子本身。
例句
- 桌上有一盒鸡蛋。There is a box of eggs on the table.
- 我把空盒子收好了。I put the empty box away.
“重新”：再做一次
“重新”: Doing something again
“重新”放在动词前，表示从头再做一次，或在新的情况下再做，不一定是因为上一次做错了。
例句
- 搬家以后，我重新整理了书。After moving, I organised my books again.
- 听完她的介绍，我想重新读一遍这篇文章。After hearing her introduction, I would like to read the article again.
把字句与动作次数
A 把 sentence with a frequency complement
把字句中，动词后可以加“两遍”“一次”等，说明动作做了多少次。宾语一般是双方能确定的具体对象，如“这篇文章”。
例句
- 他把这篇文章读了两遍。He read this article twice.
- 请把这个词再写一次。Please write this word once more.
“X是X，Y是Y”：区分两件事
“X是X，Y是Y”: Distinguishing two things
这个句式把两件事分别说清，表示它们有不同的要求或不能混为一谈。后面通常会说明具体的区别。
例句
- 兴趣是兴趣，工作是工作，安排时间时要分别考虑。Interests and work are different things and need separate consideration when planning your time.
- 想法是想法，做法是做法，还要看具体怎么做。An idea and a way of carrying it out are different things; the practical details still matter.
“表扬／批评＋人＋行为”
Praising or criticising someone for an action
“表扬”“批评”后可以先说被评价的人，再用动词短语说具体行为，如“表扬他认真准备节目”。评价需要有具体内容。
例句
- 老师表扬这个学生认真准备节目。The teacher praised the student for preparing the performance carefully.
- 老师批评他上课玩手机。The teacher criticised him for using his phone in class.
“不是……而是……”：说明真正的情况
“不是……而是……” for the actual situation
“不是A，而是B”先否定一个判断，再说明真正的情况。A和B在句子中的形式通常相互对应。
例句
- 他不是不想回答，而是没有听清问题。It is not that he does not want to answer; he did not hear the question clearly.
- 我想问的不是价钱，而是数量。What I want to ask about is the quantity, not the price.
“按时”：按照规定的时间
“按时”: At the required time
“按时”表示按照规定或约定的时间做事，可以用于交作业、完成工作等。“准时”更强调时间准确，如准时到场；具体语境中二者有时可以换用。
例句
- 请按时交回表格。Please return the form by the required time.
- 我们约好九点见面，他准时到了。We arranged to meet at nine, and he arrived on time.
复现：“将要”与未来计划
Review: “将要” and future plans
“将要”放在动词前，表示以后会发生的动作或变化。用具体时间说明计划，信息会更清楚。
例句
- 新学期将要开始，她正在了解课程。The new term is about to begin, and she is finding out about courses.
- 我下周将要参加学校的介绍会。I will attend the university's information session next week.
复现：“先……再……”与说明经历
Review: “先……再……” in an account
介绍经历时，可以用“先……再……”说明做事的顺序。顺序要与实际发生的事相符。
例句
- 我先问她记得什么，再帮她找书。I first asked what she remembered, then helped her find the book.
- 请先了解工作内容，再考虑是否应聘。First find out what the work involves, then consider whether to apply.
“一桌子”：桌上的许多东西
“一桌子”: A tableful
“一桌子书”表示书放满了桌子。“桌子”在这里借作量词。
例句
- 他们准备了一桌子菜。They prepared a tableful of dishes.
- 客人走了，留下一桌子碗筷。The guests have left, leaving a tableful of bowls and chopsticks.
“相互”：双方之间的动作
“相互”: Reciprocal actions
“相互”表示动作在双方或多方之间进行，意义与已学的“互相”相近。
例句
- 同事之间要相互帮助。Colleagues should help one another.
- 两边的人员相互介绍了情况。Staff on both sides explained their situations to one another.
“嗯”：表示回应
“嗯”: A spoken response
“嗯”可以表示听到了、同意或正在听，要结合语境和语气理解。
例句
- 甲：这本书先放在这里，好吗？A: Shall we leave this book here for now?
- 乙：嗯，可以。B: Mm-hm, that is fine.
- 甲：我想先说说今天的安排。A: I would like to explain today's arrangements first.
“……，好……”：为后面的事创造条件
“……，好……” for enabling a following action
前面说先做什么，“好”后面说明这样做可以方便或保证后面的事情。这里的“好”不表示“好坏”。
例句
- 请把时间写清楚，好让大家安排自己的事。Please write the time clearly so everyone can plan their own activities.
- 我先把桌子收拾好，好放这些书。I will clear the table first to make room for these books.
“打”：十二个为一打
“打”: A dozen
“打”是数量单位，一打表示十二个。它常和某些成组出售的物品搭配，不是所有物品都习惯用“打”计算。
例句
- 我买了一打铅笔。I bought a dozen pencils.
- 这半打铅笔有六支。This half-dozen pencils contains six pencils.
“台”：机器的量词
“台”: A measure word for machines
“台”可以用于某些机器或设备，如“一台打印机”“两台电脑”。
例句
- 办公室里有一台打印机。There is a printer in the office.
- 这两台电脑都可以用。Both computers can be used.
“按／按照”：依据要求或顺序
“按／按照”: Following requirements or a sequence
“按”和“按照”作介词时，可以引出做事的依据、要求或顺序。“按照”常用于较完整的说明。
例句
- 请按时间表参加活动。Please follow the timetable for the activities.
- 我们按照顺序整理这些文件。We arrange these files in order.
把字句与动词重叠
A 把 sentence with a reduplicated verb
动词重叠可以表示动作较短或尝试做一做。把字句中可以说“把内容看一看”“把房间收拾收拾”。
例句
- 请把这份说明看一看。Please take a look at this handout.
- 他把这些书整理了整理。He spent a little time organising these books.
“一手”：手上沾满某种东西
“一手”: A hand covered in something
“一手灰”表示手上沾满了灰。“手”在这里借作量词。
例句
- 他搬完东西，弄了一手灰。After moving the things, his hand was covered in dust.
- 孩子玩完回来，带着一手泥。The child came back from playing with a hand covered in mud.
“一A一B”：固定表达中的形式
“一A一B” in established expressions
有些固定表达采用“一A一B”的形式，如“一举一动”指每一个动作，“一心一意”表示专心。这类表达要结合整体意义学习，不能随意换字。
例句
- 他站在前面，大家都能看清他的一举一动。He stood at the front, and everyone could see his every movement clearly.
- 她一心一意地准备这次活动。She is preparing for this event wholeheartedly.
“够……的”：口语中的程度评价
“够……的” for emphasis
“够＋形容词＋的”在口语中可以强调程度较高，如“够辛苦的”。它不总是在说明数量足够。
例句
- 这一趟走下来，够累的。That was quite a tiring walk.
- 他今天忙了一天，够辛苦的。He has been busy all day; it has been hard work.
“让你X，你就X”：较强的催促
“让你X，你就X” as an emphatic prompt
这个句式催促对方照着要求做，语气较强，常见于熟人之间。“叫”也可以替换“让”。
例句
- 让你坐，你就坐，别一直站着。Do sit down when I ask you; do not keep standing.
- 叫你休息，你就休息，一会儿还有事要做。Take a rest when I tell you to; there is more to do later.
“趟”：计算来回或出行的次数
“趟”: Counting journeys
“趟”常用来计算去某处一次或来回一次的行动，如“去一趟”“跑两趟”。
例句
- 我去了一趟图书馆。I made a trip to the library.
- 东西太多，他来回跑了两趟。There were so many things that he made two trips.
“差点儿”：接近发生但通常没有发生
“差点儿”: Nearly
“差点儿＋动词短语”表示某事接近发生，常用于没有发生的、不希望出现的事；要结合后文判断结果。
例句
- 我差点儿忘了带钥匙，出门前才想起来。I nearly forgot my keys but remembered before leaving.
- 他差点儿迟到，最后一分钟赶到了。He nearly arrived late but made it at the last minute.
“动词＋得／不＋了”：能不能做到
“Verb＋得／不＋了” for possibility
“了”在这里读liǎo。“得了”表示能做到，“不了”表示不能做到，常与数量、时间或条件有关。
例句
- 东西太多，我一个人拿不了。There are too many things for me to carry alone.
- 一个小时的路，我走得了。I can manage a walk of an hour.
“恐怕”：带有担心的推测
“恐怕”: A worried prediction
“恐怕”常表示说话人认为某种不希望的情况可能出现，语气带有担心；也可以使不同意见较委婉。
例句
- 这本书字太小，恐怕他读起来不方便。The print is very small; I am afraid it may be hard for him to read.
- 今天时间不够，恐怕做不完。There is not enough time today; I am afraid we will not finish.
“正好”：恰好符合需要或情况
“正好”: Just right; happening to fit
“正好”可以表示某个情况恰巧符合当前需要，也可以表示数量或时间刚刚合适。
例句
- 你想借这本书，我正好带来了。You want to borrow this book, and I happen to have brought it.
- 四个人，四把椅子，正好。Four people and four chairs: just right.
“啊”：表达感受
“啊”: Expressing a reaction
“啊”作叹词时可以表达惊讶、明白或其他感受，具体意义与语境和语气有关。
例句
- 啊，你已经到了！Ah, you are here already!
- 啊，这个故事我也听过。Ah, I have heard this story too.
“X就是了”：简单建议或许可
“X就是了”: A simple suggestion or permission
动词短语后加“就是了”，可以表示只需要这样做，或允许对方这样做。语气要结合双方关系理解。
例句
- 不明白的地方，你问我就是了。If anything is unclear, just ask me.
- 你先在这里坐一会儿就是了。You can just sit here for a while.
“另外”：补充另一件事
“另外”: Adding something else
“另外”可以引出补充的信息，也可以表示在原来的范围以外还有别的，如“不另外收钱”。
例句
- 房间里有床，另外还有一个书架。There is a bed in the room, as well as a bookcase.
- 这部分费用需要另外付。This part of the cost must be paid separately.
“X就X点儿吧”：接受不完全理想的情况
“X就X点儿吧”: Accepting a less-than-ideal condition
重复形容词，并用“就”“点儿”“吧”，可以表示虽然不完全满意，还是接受这种情况。
例句
- 远就远点儿吧，我可以骑车去。I can accept it being a little further away; I can cycle there.
- 小就小点儿吧，一个人住也够了。I can accept it being a little small; it is enough for one person.
“要是……就……”：假设与结果
“要是……就……” for a condition and result
“要是”提出假设，“就”引出在这个条件下的结果或做法。
例句
- 要是下周搬家，我就这周把东西整理好。If I move next week, I will pack this week.
- 要是有问题，就给我打电话。If there is a problem, call me.
“由”：说明起点
“由”: Indicating a starting point
“由”可以引出行程的起点，常见于较正式的交通说明，如“由汽车站出发”。
例句
- 这班车由汽车站开往北山公园。This service runs from the coach station to Beishan Park.
- 我们由学校出发，先去图书馆。We set out from school and went to the library first.
“否则”：不这样做的结果
“否则”: Otherwise
前面说某个条件或需要做的事，“否则”后说明没有这个条件或不这样做的结果。
例句
- 请早点出门，否则可能赶不上车。Leave early, or you may miss the bus.
- 先把地址写清楚，否则别人不好找。Write the address clearly first, otherwise it will be hard to find.
复现：“否则”与通行安排
Review: “否则” in travel arrangements
“否则”说明不按前面的条件做时可能出现的结果。结果要与前面的条件有联系。
例句
- 请把车停到停车场，否则会挡住门口。Please park in the car park, otherwise you will block the entrance.
- 去之前先问清开放时间，否则可能白跑一趟。Check opening hours first, or you may make the trip for nothing.
“十来页”：表示概数
“十来页”: An approximate number
“来”放在十、百等整数后、量词前，可以表示接近这个整数的数量，如“十来页书”。这不是精确计数。
例句
- 我在车上读了十来页书。I read ten or so pages on the train.
- 门口站着十来个人。Ten or so people are standing at the entrance.
“大约／左右”：说明估计数量
“大约／左右” for approximate quantities
“大约”通常放在数量短语前，“左右”通常放在数量短语后。为了表达简洁，可以选择其中一种。
例句
- 路上大约要十个小时。The journey takes about ten hours.
- 我们七点左右到。We will arrive around seven.
“只好”：没有更合适的选择
“只好”: Having no better choice
“只好”放在动词前，说明当前没有更合适或可行的选择，只能这样做。
例句
- 门还没有开，我只好在外面等。The door is not open yet, so I have to wait outside.
- 车已经走了，我们只好坐下一班。The bus has left, so we have to take the next one.
“等到”：到了某个时间再行动
“等到”: Introducing the time for an action
“等到”可以连接一个时间或情况，说明到了那时才做后面的事。
例句
- 等到一点，我们再出发。We will set off at one.
- 等到大家都来了，再开始介绍。Start the introduction once everyone is here.
“来得及／来不及”：时间是否足够
“来得及／来不及”: Having enough time
“来得及”表示还有足够的时间做某事，“来不及”表示时间不够。
例句
- 离上课还有半个小时，来得及吃早饭。There is half an hour before class, enough time for breakfast.
- 现在才出门，恐怕来不及了。Leaving only now, I am afraid we may be too late.
“X也得X，不X也得X”：强调别无选择
“X也得X，不X也得X”: No alternative
这个句式强调别无选择，语气很强。有时用来表达自己的无奈，如等车时的感受。
例句
- 等也得等，不等也得等，车还没来。There is no choice but to wait; the bus has not arrived.
- 看也得看，不看也得看，这份材料今天就要用。I have to read it whether I want to or not; the material is needed today.
“要是……就……，否则……”：两种结果
“要是……就……，否则……” for alternatives
前面用“要是……就……”说明一种条件和结果，再用“否则”说明没有这个条件时的结果。
例句
- 要是早点出发，就能慢慢走，否则可能要赶时间。If we set out early, we can walk at leisure; otherwise, we may have to hurry.
- 要是有空，就先读完这份材料，否则明天再读。If you have time, read the material now; otherwise, read it tomorrow.
小数温度的读法
Reading decimal temperatures
小数点读作“点”，小数点后的数字逐个读。低于零度时，可以在数值前说“零下”。气温的单位可以说“摄氏度”，日常交流中也常说“度”。
例句
- 十八点六摄氏度，比昨天暖和一些。It is 18.6 degrees Celsius, a little warmer than yesterday.
- 今天早上零下二点五度，湖边很冷。It was minus 2.5 degrees this morning, and it was cold by the lake.
“按照”：说明顺序
“按照” for a sequence
“按照”可以引出叙述或做事所依据的顺序。例如，“按照时间顺序”表示先说早发生的事，再说晚发生的事。
例句
- 我们按照从西到东的顺序介绍这三个城市。We introduce the three cities in order from west to east.
- 请按照时间顺序讲讲这次旅行。Please describe the trip in chronological order.
4 级 · 第 2 册
量词“棵”
The measure word “棵”
“棵”用于数树木等植物，通常放在数词和植物名称之间，如“一棵树”。数词是二时，通常说“两棵”。
例句
- 院子里有两棵树，一棵高，一棵矮。There are two trees in the courtyard, one tall and one short.
- 我们去年种了三棵树，今年每棵都长高了一些。We planted three trees last year, and each has grown a little taller this year.
“从来”与否定表达
“从来” in negative statements
“从来”常与“不”或“没有”一起用，表示一贯不做某事，或截至现在没有某种经历。
例句
- 他从来不在图书馆大声说话。He never speaks loudly in the library.
- 我从来没有在大自然里见过老虎。I have never seen a tiger in the wild.
“往往”与“偶尔”
“往往” and “偶尔”
“往往”表示某种情况经常出现，常用于说明规律；“偶尔”表示次数少、不经常。它们都不表示每次一定如此。
例句
- 下雨天，这条路上往往车很多。There is often heavy traffic on this road on rainy days.
- 我平时坐公交车，偶尔走路去学校。I usually take the bus, but occasionally walk to school.
“甚至”：进一步说明
“甚至” to take a point further
“甚至”连接前后内容，后一部分比前面更进一步，常带有出乎预期的意味。
例句
- 他喜欢读书，甚至等车的时候也要读几页。He loves reading; he even reads a few pages while waiting for the bus.
- 这本书很受欢迎，甚至有人从外地来买。This book is so popular that some people even come from other towns to buy it.
“随着”：变化同时展开
“随着” for changes that unfold together
“随着”引出一个逐渐发展的变化，后面说明另一个变化怎样跟着发生。
例句
- 随着天气变凉，街上穿外套的人多了。As the weather gets cooler, more people on the street are wearing coats.
- 随着孩子长大，家里给他买的衣服也越来越大。As the child grows, the family buys larger and larger clothes for him.
“千万”：加强提醒
“千万” for an emphatic reminder
“千万”作副词，常用在提醒、劝告中，加强语气；常见形式有“千万别……”和“千万不要……”。
例句
- 千万别把护照忘在家里。Be sure not to leave your passport at home.
- 出门前千万不要忘了关窗。Be sure not to forget to close the window before leaving.
“使／让＋人＋动词短语” “使／让 +
person + verb phrase”
“使”或“让”可以引出某人因前面的情况而产生的行动或变化。“使”较常用于书面表达，“让”在口语中更常见。
例句
- 这份预报使我们改变了安排。The forecast prompted us to change our plans.
- 这场雨让我们推迟了出发时间。The rain caused us to postpone our departure.
“从……起”：说明开始时间
“从……起” for a starting time
“从……起”表示一个情况的起始时间。说明不舒服时，可以把开始时间和后来的变化分开说。
例句
- 从昨晚起，我就开始咳嗽了。I started coughing last night.
- 从今天早上起，我的头一直痛。My head has been hurting since this morning.
“一脸”：脸上显出的状态
“一脸” for a visible state or expression
“一脸”可以表示脸上满是某种东西，也可以表示某种神情明显地显在脸上。
例句
- 天气热，他走了一会儿就出了一脸汗。It was hot, and his face was covered in sweat after a short walk.
- 朋友一脸笑容，说自己终于学会了。My friend smiled broadly and said they had finally learned it.
“更加”：程度进一步增加
“更加” for a higher degree
“更加”放在形容词等词语前，表示在已有程度或比较的基础上进一步增加。
例句
- 和一个人练习相比，有人指导让我更加放心。Compared with practising alone, having guidance makes me feel more at ease.
- 这条路离家近，散步更加方便。This path is close to home, making it more convenient for a walk.
“得厉害”与“死了”：程度很高
“得厉害” and “死了” for a high degree
“形容词＋得厉害”表示程度很高。“形容词或心理动词＋死了”也能加强语气，多用于口语夸张表达，不一定指真的发生危险。
例句
- 他今天累得厉害。He is very tired today.
- 这件事终于办好了，我高兴死了！It is finally done—I am so happy!
“老”表示经常反复
“老” for frequent repetition
“老”作频率副词时，意思接近“老是”，表示一种情况经常反复，有时带有说话人的抱怨。这里不是年龄大的意思。
例句
- 我老想着明天的事情，一直没看进去这篇文章。I keep thinking about tomorrow and have not been able to concentrate on this article.
- 这扇门老是关不严，得请人来看看。This door keeps failing to close properly; we need someone to look at it.
把字句中的动词重叠
Verb reduplication in a 把 sentence
把字句中可以用动词重叠，表示把某件事做一下，语气较轻。常见形式有“把……擦一擦”“把……看一看”。
例句
- 把这个篮子擦一擦，等会儿放水果。Give this basket a wipe; we will put fruit in it later.
- 请把这段话读一读，再说说你的想法。Please read this passage and then tell us what you think.
“将”：将来发生的事
“将” for a future event
“将”作副词可以表示将来的动作或情况，常用于书面语，如“将于＋时间＋动词”。
例句
- 活动将于周六上午十点开始。The event will begin at ten on Saturday morning.
- 这条公交线路下个月将增加班次。This bus route will have more services next month.
“将”与“由”：书面语中的处置和施事
“将” and “由” in written arrangements
“将＋宾语＋动词短语”可说明怎样处置某物，用法接近“把”；“由＋人＋动词短语”说明某件事由谁做。
例句
- 请将报名表交给工作人员。Please hand the registration form to a staff member.
- 这次活动由林老师负责。Teacher Lin is responsible for this event.
“与”：相关对象与并列
“与” for a related person or coordination
“与”作介词可以引出交流等动作的对象；作连词可以连接并列的人或事物。两种用法都比较常见于书面语。
例句
- 我再与爸爸确认一遍出发时间。I will confirm the departure time with Dad once more.
- 罗青与许山一起商量周末的安排。Luo Qing and Xu Shan discuss the weekend plans together.
“你X你的吧”：让对方继续
“你X你的吧” to let someone carry on
这个口语句式允许对方继续正在做的事，常用来说明自己不需要对方停下来帮忙。语气是否友好，还要看上下文和说话方式。
例句
- 你看你的吧，我自己找这本书。Carry on reading; I will find the book myself.
- 你忙你的吧，我在这里等一会儿。Carry on with what you are doing; I will wait here for a while.
“叫／让”表示被动
“叫／让” in passive sentences
“受到影响的人或事物＋叫／让＋动作发出者＋动词短语”可以表示被动。“叫”和“让”后通常要说出动作发出者。它们常见于口语，动作可能带来不如意的结果，也可以只是说明物品的去向。
例句
- 我的帽子让室友借去戴了。My hat has been borrowed by my roommate.
- 晾在外面的毛巾叫雨淋湿了。The towels drying outside got wet in the rain.
“把……动词＋了”：事情已经完成
“把…verb + 了” for a completed action
把字句可以用“了”说明对某物的处置已经完成，动词后常带结果、数量或处所等成分。
例句
- 我把干衣服收起来了。I have put away the dry clothes.
- 她把毛巾放进袋子里了。She has put the towels into the bag.
“X是X，不过……”：承认后再补充
“X是X，不过…” to acknowledge and qualify
重复一个词语先承认某个特点，再用“不过”或“就是”补充另一面，说明自己的保留意见。
例句
- 便宜是便宜，不过我现在用不了这么多。It is cheaper, but I cannot use that many now.
- 近是近，就是房间小了一点。It is close by, but the room is a little small.
“是……的两倍”：比较数量
“是…的两倍” for twice the quantity
“A是B的两倍”表示A的数量等于B的数量乘二。比较时要说明同一种数量，如本数、长度或价格，不把总价和每件价格混在一起。
例句
- 六本是三本的两倍。Six notebooks are twice as many as three.
- 大袋里有四十个，小袋里有二十个，大袋里的数量是小袋的两倍。The large bag has forty items and the small bag has twenty, so the large bag contains twice as many.
“正好”：恰好合适
“正好” for a good fit
“正好”可以表示时间、大小或数量等恰好符合需要。
例句
- 这个地方正好放得下台灯。The lamp fits perfectly in this space.
- 我们三个人，这三个杯子正好够用。There are three of us, so these three cups are exactly enough.
“另外”：补充另一项信息
“另外” to add information
“另外”可以引出与前面相关的另一项信息。说明服务时，可以先介绍主要内容，再用“另外”补充时间或条件。
例句
- 阅读室可以免费读书。另外，借书回家需要先办理手续。Reading in the room is free. In addition, registration is required to take books home.
- 请提前约时间。另外，周一服务中心不开门。Please arrange a time in advance. Also, the service centre is closed on Mondays.
“有的是”：数量充足
“有的是” for plenty
“有的是＋名词”表示某种东西数量充足，语气比“有很多”更强。它不是“有的……有的……”的分类说法。
例句
- 周末有的是时间，我们可以慢慢读。We have plenty of time at the weekend, so we can read at leisure.
- 家里有的是纸，不用再买了。There is plenty of paper at home; there is no need to buy more.
“由”：说明出发地点
“由” for a starting point
“由”可以引出行程的起点，后面接“出发”“到”等表示行程的词语。
例句
- 我们由县城出发，沿着旧公路回村里。We set out from the county town and follow the old road back to the village.
- 由这里到市场，走路大约二十分钟。It takes about twenty minutes to walk from here to the market.
“另外”：补充参观信息
“另外” for additional visitor information
“另外”可以在已经说明的内容之外，再补充一项相关信息。
例句
- 这里可以参观建筑。另外，附近还有一个公园。You can visit the buildings here. There is also a park nearby.
- 我们上午去博物馆，另外留一个小时散步。We will visit the museum in the morning and also allow an hour for a walk.
“各种”：不同种类
“各种” for different kinds
“各种”放在名词前，表示不同的种类。
例句
- 市场上有各种水果。The market has many kinds of fruit.
- 这本书介绍各种植物。This book introduces different kinds of plants.
“多么”：感叹程度
“多么” for an exclamation
“多么”可以加强感叹，常放在形容词前。
例句
- 这里的景色多么美丽！How beautiful the scenery is!
- 能见到老朋友，多么高兴啊！How happy I am to see an old friend!
“跟……相比”：比较的依据
“跟……相比” for a comparison
先用“跟……相比”说明比较对象，再说相同或不同之处。
例句
- 跟河谷相比，山上更冷。It is colder on the mountain than in the valley.
- 跟上次相比，这次我们多留了一天。Compared with last time, we have allowed an extra day this time.
“一方面……另一方面……”：两个方面
“一方面……另一方面……” for two aspects
这个句式从两个方面说明同一件事，两个方面可以相互补充。
例句
- 一方面要了解天气，另一方面也要安排好时间。We need both to understand the weather and to plan our time.
- 这里一方面有自然风景，另一方面也有丰富的城市生活。This place offers both natural scenery and varied city life.
“十分、尤其”：程度与突出重点
“十分” and “尤其”
“十分”表示程度很高；“尤其”从一个范围中突出某个方面或情况。
例句
- 这座桥十分美。This bridge is very beautiful.
- 我喜欢古建筑，尤其喜欢古桥。I like old buildings, especially old bridges.
“之”：书面语中的连接
“之” in written expressions
“之”可连接修饰语和名词，用法接近“的”，多见于书面表达；日常口语一般用“的”。
例句
- 古桥之美，值得慢慢欣赏。The beauty of ancient bridges deserves unhurried appreciation.
- 这本书介绍建筑之美。This book introduces the beauty of architecture.
“忽然”：突然发生
“忽然” for a sudden event
“忽然”放在动词或状态前，表示变化没有预先想到。
例句
- 我忽然想起一件事。I suddenly remembered something.
- 走到河边时，天忽然暗了下来。When we reached the river, the sky suddenly grew dark.
“当……时”：事件发生的时间
“当……时” for the time of an event
“当……时”引出一个事件作为时间背景，后面说明在这时发生的另一件事。
例句
- 当我经过这座桥时，太阳刚刚升起。The sun was just rising when I passed this bridge.
- 当我们到达山下时，雨已经停了。The rain had stopped when we reached the foot of the mountain.
“再也没……”：某段时间内未再发生
“再也没……” within a stated period
“再也没……”表示从某个时间以后，一件事没有再次发生；语境要说明所谈的时间范围。
例句
- 从去年搬走到现在，我再也没去过那家店。I have not visited that shop again since moving away last year.
- 那次旅行结束后，直到放假前，我们再也没见过面。After that trip, we did not meet again before the holidays.
“自”：时间起点
“自” for a starting point in time
“自”可以引出时间起点，意思接近“从”，常见于书面语，也常与“起、以来”配合。
例句
- 自本月起，图书馆周日开放。Starting this month, the library opens on Sundays.
- 自去年以来，他一直在研究这段历史。He has been studying this period of history since last year.
“并”：连接两个动作
“并” connecting actions
“并”可连接同一主语的两个相关动作，后面的动作常是进一步的行动。
例句
- 请阅读文章，并记录自己的问题。Please read the article and note your questions.
- 她整理了资料，并写了一篇介绍。She organised the materials and wrote an introduction.
“为了……而……”：目的
“为了……而……” for purpose
“为了”引出目的，“而”连接为实现这一目的所做的动作。这里表示目的的“为”读wèi。
例句
- 他为了了解造纸技术而阅读历史资料。He reads historical materials to learn about papermaking.
- 我们为了保存这些记录而把它们放进盒子。We put these records in a box to preserve them.
“然而”：前后转折
“然而” for contrast
“然而”连接前后意思形成转折的分句或句子，多用于书面表达。
例句
- 材料准备好了，然而实验还不能开始。The materials are ready, yet the experiment cannot begin.
- 纸方便保存文字，然而保存仍然需要合适的条件。Paper makes it convenient to keep written records, yet suitable storage conditions are still needed.
“因此”：说明结果
“因此” for a result
“因此”连接原因和由此产生的结果。前后应有原因关系，而不只是时间先后。
例句
- 这一页有三个相同的字，因此要准备三个这样的活字。This page repeats the same character three times, so three copies of that type are needed.
- 这些字还能再用，因此不必每页都重新刻字。These characters can be reused, so new ones need not be carved for every page.
“稍、稍微”：小幅度
“稍” and “稍微” for a small degree
“稍”和“稍微”表示程度不大。“稍微”常用于口语，“稍”较简洁，也常见于书面语。
例句
- 水稍凉一些就可以喝了。The water can be drunk once it is a little cooler.
- 这一杯稍微苦了一点。This cup is a little bitter.
“难道……吗？”：反问
“难道……吗？” for a rhetorical question
说话人用这个格式表示已有看法，并希望对方认可，通常不是真正询问信息。语气可能较强。
例句
- 水还很烫，难道你现在就喝吗？The water is still very hot. Surely you aren’t drinking it already?
- 这是朋友送的礼物，难道我会忘记吗？It was a gift from a friend. How could I forget?
“加上”：补充另一个因素
“加上” for an additional factor
“加上”引出另一个共同起作用的因素，不只是简单表示先后。
例句
- 茶叶放得多，加上泡得久，茶就更苦了。More leaves and a longer brewing time made the tea more bitter.
- 今天下雨，加上风很大，我们决定在家读书。It is raining and also very windy, so we have decided to read at home.
“首先……其次……”：安排次序
“首先……其次……” for ordering points
这个格式按次序说明事项或理由，不一定表示操作发生的时间。
例句
- 选茶时，首先考虑味道，其次考虑价格。When choosing tea, consider taste first and price second.
- 首先要有合适的材料，其次要留出足够的时间。First, suitable materials are needed; second, enough time must be allowed.
“拿……来说”：提出例子
“拿……来说” for an example
“拿……来说”引出具体对象，用它说明前面谈到的一般情况。
例句
- 主食有许多做法。拿米来说，可以煮饭，也可以做米线。Staples can be prepared in many ways. Rice, for example, can be cooked or made into rice noodles.
- 拿这家店来说，早餐就有六种选择。Take this shop: it offers six breakfast choices.
“既……又/也……”：同时成立
“既……又/也……” for two qualities
这个格式说明同一对象同时具备两种性质或情况。
例句
- 这道菜既好看，又好吃。This dish looks good and tastes good.
- 这种食品既方便，也适合带在路上。This food is convenient and suitable for taking on a journey.
“连……都……，……更……”：递进
“连……都……，……更……” for progression
“连……都……”突出不容易出现的情况，后面用“更”说明另一种情况的程度更高。比较的依据要清楚。
例句
- 这道菜连爱吃辣的人都觉得辣，不吃辣的人就更难接受了。Even people who love spicy food find this dish hot; people unused to it find it harder still.
- 连常来的人都要查地址，第一次来的人更需要提前查好。Even regular visitors need to check the address; first-time visitors need to do so even more.
“顿”：计算吃饭的次数
“顿” for counting meals
“顿”与数词连用，可以计算吃饭的次数；“一顿饭”也可以指一次完整的用餐。
例句
- 我们一起吃了两顿饭。We had two meals together.
- 他想好好吃一顿，再回去工作。He wants to have a proper meal before returning to work.
“各”：分别指一个范围中的成员
“各” for members of a set
“各”可放在名词前，表示某个范围里的每一个，常用于“各地、各家、各组”等表达。
例句
- 各家有各家的安排。Each family has its own plans.
- 各组准备一份介绍。Each group prepares an introduction.
“怎么也不/没……”：尝试后仍未实现
“怎么也不/没……” despite attempts
这个格式表示用了不同办法或多次尝试，结果仍未实现；“怎么”在这里不是询问办法。也可以说“怎么也＋动词＋不＋补语”，如“怎么也打不开”。
例句
- 我找了半天，怎么也没找到那本书。I searched for ages but could not find that book.
- 这个盖子太紧，我怎么也打不开。The lid is so tight that I cannot open it however I try.
“幅”：计算画作等
“幅” for paintings and similar works
“幅”可用于画等平面作品，通常放在数词和名词之间。
例句
- 展厅里有三幅画。There are three paintings in the exhibition hall.
- 他画了一幅家乡的风景画。He painted a landscape of his hometown.
4 级 · 第 3 册
“还X呢”：超出预期
“还X呢” for something beyond expectations
口语中，“还X呢”可以突出超出对方预期的事实，具体语气由上下文决定。
例句
- 我以为他只会唱歌，没想到他还会弹钢琴呢。I thought he could only sing; unexpectedly, he can play piano too.
- 你以为这里只卖茶？这里还卖茶杯呢。You thought they only sold tea here? They sell teacups too.
复习“并”：连接动作
Review: “并” linking actions
“并”连接同一主语的两个相关动作，常用于较完整的叙述。
例句
- 同学们准备了物品，并检查了音乐。The students prepared the objects and checked the music.
- 演员走上台，并向观众致谢。The actors came onstage and thanked the audience.
“不过”：补充限制或转折
“不过” for a qualification
先承认一种情况，再用“不过”补充不同的情况或限制，语气通常比直接否定温和。
例句
- 故事很短，不过内容并不简单。The story is short, but its content is not simple.
- 我喜欢这篇作品，不过还有一段没有读懂。I like this work, though there is a passage I have not understood.
“有声有色”：固定表达
The fixed expression “有声有色”
“有声有色”形容讲述或表现生动。这里的“有A有B”是固定表达的形式，不能任意替换两个字造词。
例句
- 她把旅途见闻讲得有声有色。She described her travels vividly.
- 他把这个故事演得有声有色。He brought the story to life in his performance.
复习“当……时”
Review: “当……时”
“当……时”引出时间背景，说明在这一时间发生的事情。
例句
- 当她赴外地学习时，开始写旅途见闻。When she went away to study, she began writing about her travels.
- 当我们再读这篇文章时，也许会有新的理解。When we reread this text, we may understand it differently.
“到底、究竟”：追问具体情况
“到底” and “究竟” in questions
“到底”和“究竟”可以加强疑问，表示想弄清情况；对人直接追问时，要注意语气。
例句
- 这句话到底是什么意思？What exactly does this sentence mean?
- 他究竟想了解哪一部分？Which part exactly does he want to understand?
“就是说”：换一种方式说明
“就是说” for restatement
“就是说、这就是说”引出对前文的解释或推论，使意思更清楚。
例句
- 明天不开放，就是说，我们得换一天来。It is closed tomorrow. That means we need to come another day.
- 这个月他每周都来，到今天正好四周。这就是说，他已经参加了四次。He has come every week this month, and today marks four weeks. That means he has attended four times.
疑问词反问：答案已在语境中
Rhetorical questions with question words
疑问词也能用于反问。说话人不是寻求新信息，而是用问句强调看法，要结合上下文理解。
例句
- 书还没有打开，怎么能说已经读过了？How can you say you have read the book when you have not opened it?
- 一天这么短，哪里能走遍整座城？How could anyone explore the entire city in such a short day?
复习“因此”：原因与结果
Review: “因此” for cause and result
“因此”引出由前面的情况产生的结果。
例句
- 球出了台，因此这次来回结束了。The ball went off the table, so the rally ended.
- 同伴需要接球，因此他先让出位置。His partner needs to return the ball, so he makes room.
“场”：计算比赛等活动
“场” for games and events
“场”可计算比赛、演出等有过程的活动，放在数词后。
例句
- 今天有两场比赛。There are two matches today.
- 他们看了一场话剧。They watched a play.
“再次”：又一次发生
“再次” for repetition
“再次”表示动作又发生一次，常用于叙述或较正式的表达。
例句
- 暂停后，队员再次上场。After the timeout, the players return to the court.
- 她再次向大家表示感谢。She thanks everyone once again.
“选＋人＋当/为＋职务”
Choosing someone for a role
被选的人既是“选”的对象，也是后面身份的承担者。“当”较口语，“为”较正式。
例句
- 队员选他当队长。The players choose him as captain.
- 大家选她为小组负责人。Everyone chooses her to lead the group.
“一X比一X”：逐次变化
“一X比一X” for successive change
重复同一量词或数量单位，再说明性质逐次变化。它表示趋势，不必是完全相同的增加量。
例句
- 练习以后，他一场比一场打得稳。After practice, he plays more steadily with each match.
- 来参加活动的人一年比一年多。More people attend the event each year.
“于是”：由前事引出后事
“于是” for a consequent action
“于是”把前面的情况和由此发生的后续行动连起来，常用于叙述。
例句
- 大家想继续练习，于是又约了一个时间。Everyone wanted more practice, so they arranged another time.
- 她发现材料不够，于是去取了一些。She found there were not enough materials, so she fetched more.
“不得不”：受条件限制的选择
“不得不” for necessity
“不得不”用两重否定强调必须这样做，常表示客观条件使其他选择不可行。
例句
- 原来的车取消了，我们不得不换一班。Our original service was cancelled, so we had to take another.
- 材料没有送到，工作不得不推迟。The materials did not arrive, so the work had to be postponed.
复习“并”：相关动作
Review: “并” for related actions
“并”把同一主语的相关动作连接起来。
例句
- 她读了邮件，并提出了一个问题。She read the email and asked a question.
- 他存下文件，并把邮件转发给同伴。He saved the file and forwarded the email to his teammate.
复习“然而”：信息的限制
Review: “然而” for a limitation
“然而”连接形成转折的情况，常见于书面说明。
例句
- 文章很详细，然而它说的是去年的情况。The article is detailed, but it describes last year.
- 通知已经发布，然而还有一项安排没有确定。The notice has been published, but one arrangement is still undecided.
“赶紧、赶快”：催促行动
“赶紧” and “赶快” for prompt action
两者都表示要尽快行动。“赶紧”常突出不要耽误，“赶快”常突出动作要快；具体语气取决于情境。
例句
- 快到出发时间了，我们赶紧收拾东西吧。It is almost time to leave. Let’s get our things ready.
- 车已经到了，赶快去门口等吧。The car is here. Go and wait at the entrance.
“仅、仅仅”：限制范围
“仅” and “仅仅” for a limited scope
两者表示范围小，接近“只”；“仅”较常见于书面语，“仅仅”可加强范围有限的感觉。
例句
- 这里仅介绍基本方法。Only the basic method is introduced here.
- 仅仅读一遍，还不能了解全部内容。Reading it only once is not enough to understand everything.
“对于”：引出所谈对象
“对于” introducing a reference point
“对于”引出观点或情况所涉及的对象，后面常有评价、态度或说明。
例句
- 对于初学者，这段介绍比较容易读。For beginners, this introduction is fairly easy to read.
- 对于这个问题，我们还需要更多材料。We need more material on this question.
“在……方面”：限定讨论范围
“在……方面” for an aspect
“在……方面”把后面的评价或说明限制在某一方面，不表示其他方面也相同。
例句
- 在解释原料方面，这份菜单很清楚。The menu is clear about ingredients.
- 在安排时间方面，她很有经验。She is experienced in scheduling.
“A不如B”：比较
“A不如B” for comparison
“不如”表示A在语境所指的方面比不上B，后面可以说出比较的性质。
例句
- 这张桌子不如那张稳。This table is less steady than that one.
- 只读一次不如再读一次。Reading only once is less useful than reading again.
“前后”：时间的两端或大致范围
“前后” in time expressions
“前后”可以指某事发生之前和之后，也可放在时间点后表示大约在这个时间。要根据语境区分。
例句
- 测量前后，杯子都放在同一张桌上。Before and after the measurement, the cup remained on the same table.
- 他下午两点前后到达。He arrived at around two in the afternoon.
“已”：已经发生
“已” for “already”
“已”表示动作或变化已经发生，是较简洁、偏书面语的表达，口语常用“已经”。
例句
- 两盆植物都已长出新叶。Both pots of plants have already grown new leaves.
- 结果已记录在表里。The results have been recorded in the table.
“也许”：保留可能性
“也许” for possibility
“也许”表示推测，不能把后面的内容当成已经证实的事实。
例句
- 也许明天会有新的变化。Perhaps there will be a new change tomorrow.
- 这也许与温度有关。This may be related to temperature.
“竟然、确实”：意外与确认
“竟然” and “确实”
“竟然”表示事实出乎预料；“确实”强调情况真实或判断有依据。两者不能互相代替。
例句
- 这盆幼苗竟然长得更高。Unexpectedly, these seedlings grew taller.
- 记录里确实写了测量时间。The record does include the measurement time.
“说不定”：尚未确定
“说不定” for an uncertain possibility
“说不定”表示一种可能的情况，常用于口语。
例句
- 说不定下午就会下雨。It may rain this afternoon.
- 换一个位置，说不定会有不同的结果。A different position might produce a different result.
“即使……也……”：假设让步
“即使……也……” for a hypothetical concession
前半句提出假设或极端条件，后半句说明在这种条件下仍然成立的情况。
例句
- 即使只观察一天，也要写清日期。Even if we observe for only one day, we should record the date.
- 即使结果不同，也不能省略记录。Even if the results differ, we must still record them.
“光”：只在一个范围内
“光” meaning “only”
这里的“光”表示“只”，与表示光线的“光”不同，常放在动词前限制范围。
例句
- 光看价格，还不能决定买哪一种。Price alone is not enough to decide which to buy.
- 不能光说，还要实际去做。We should act, not merely talk.
“不仅/不光……还/而且……”：增加一层
“不仅/不光……还/而且……” for an added point
先说明一个方面，再增加相关的另一个方面。“不光”较口语；“不仅”适用于口语和书面语。
例句
- 这个袋子不仅结实，而且方便清洗。This bag is sturdy and also easy to wash.
- 他不光自己带袋子，还提醒家人带。He takes a bag himself and reminds his family too.
“由于”：引出原因
“由于” introducing a cause
“由于”可引出名词性原因，也可引出说明原因的分句；后面说明结果。它偏书面语。
例句
- 由于大雨，活动推迟了。The event was postponed because of heavy rain.
- 由于这条路修好了，因此来散步的人更多了。Because the path has been repaired, more people come for walks.
复习“然而”：结果不如表面简单
Review: “然而” for contrasting results
“然而”可补充与前面印象不同的情况，让说明更完整。
例句
- 收入增加了，然而费用也增加了。Revenue increased, but so did costs.
- 网上的顾客多了，然而店里的服务仍然重要。There are more online customers, but in-shop service still matters.
“并且”：补充相关情况
“并且” for an added point
“并且”连接同一方向的两个情况，后一句常进一步补充前一句。
例句
- 他们检查尺寸，并且记录结果。They check the dimensions and record the results.
- 这种袋子结实，并且容易清洗。This bag is sturdy and easy to wash.
“者”：指具有某种行为的人
“者” referring to a person
“者”常接在动词或动词性表达后，形成指人的书面表达，如“使用者”。不是所有动词都能自然这样使用。
例句
- 使用者可以提出自己的建议。Users can offer suggestions.
- 参赛者需要按时到场。Competitors need to arrive on time.
“共、至少”：总量与最低数量
“共” and “至少” for quantities
“共”表示合计；“至少”表示不低于后面的数量，不说明上限。
例句
- 两项费用共五百元。The two expenses total five hundred yuan.
- 完成这件事至少需要两天。This task needs at least two days.
“而”：连接对照内容
“而” for contrast
“而”可以连接两个对照成分，也可以连接形成对照的分句，多用于较完整的说明。
例句
- 这是必要而不是多余的支出。This is a necessary, not an unnecessary, expense.
- 收入增加了，而支出没有变化。Income increased, while expenses stayed the same.
“存一点是一点”：小量也有价值
“存一点是一点” recognising small amounts
“动词＋一X是一X”可以表示即使数量少，做一点也有相应价值，常用于口语。
例句
- 今天时间不多，读一页是一页。There is little time today; even a page of reading counts.
- 结余不多，存一点是一点。There is not much left, but even a little saved counts.
分数与百分数
Fractions and percentages
分数先说分母，再说“分之”和分子；百分数用“百分之＋数字”。比较增长率时，要说明原来的数。
例句
- 六千元的三分之一是两千元。One third of six thousand yuan is two thousand yuan.
- 从六千增长到六千六百，是增长了百分之十。An increase from six thousand to six thousand six hundred is ten percent.
“既然……就……”：以已知情况作依据
“既然……就……” from an accepted premise
“既然”引出双方已知或说话人接受的情况，“就”引出据此作出的判断、建议或行动。
例句
- 既然大家都要用，就把说明写清楚。Since everyone will use it, make the instructions clear.
- 既然已经安排了时间，我们就按计划练习。Since time has been set aside, let’s practise as planned.
“收＋人＋做＋身份”
Accepting someone into a role
这个结构表示接受某人进入一种关系或身份，后面的身份说明被接受的人将承担什么角色，常见于收徒等语境。
例句
- 老木匠收他做徒弟，教他制作木器。The old carpenter takes him as an apprentice and teaches him to make wooden objects.
- 故事里，师傅收那个年轻人做学生。In the story, the master accepts the young person as a student.
“任何”：范围内没有例外
“任何” for any member of a range
“任何”放在名词前，表示所谈范围内不论哪一个；常与“都”或否定表达配合。
例句
- 任何人都可以在接待处提问。Anyone can ask questions at reception.
- 没有任何东西放在通道里。Nothing is left in the passage.
“不……也……”：某条件缺少时仍成立
“不……也……” without a condition
前半句否定一个条件，后半句用“也”说明在缺少这一条件时仍能成立的情况。
例句
- 不使用手机，也能向工作人员询问。You can ask staff even without using a phone.
- 不提前报名，也可以来听这场公开介绍。You can attend this public introduction even without registering in advance.
“故意”：有意识地这样做
“故意” for an intentional action
“故意”表示有意做某事，可以是中性或带评价的表达，不一定表示坏的动机。
例句
- 他故意从一个小细节写起。He deliberately begins with a small detail.
- 她不是故意打断你的，只是没有听见你还在说话。She did not interrupt intentionally; she did not hear that you were still speaking.
“说什么/怎么着也得……”：强调决心
“说什么/怎么着也得……” for determination
这种口语表达强调无论怎样都要做，语气较强；可用于表达自己的决心。
例句
- 答应了朋友，我说什么也得把这件事做完。I promised my friend, so I am determined to finish it.
- 明天要分享，我怎么着也得先读一遍。The sharing session is tomorrow; I must read it through first, whatever happens.
“本来”：原有情况
“本来” for an original situation
“本来”说明原有计划、状态或预期，后面常与实际发生的情况对照。
例句
- 我本来想今天去，后来改到明天。I originally planned to go today, then changed it to tomorrow.
- 这间屋本来很安静，活动开始后才热闹起来。The room was originally quiet and became lively when the event began.
“却”：与预期不同
“却” for an unexpected contrast
“却”一般放在主语后、动词或形容词前，说明实际情况与前面的预期或情况不同。
例句
- 他拿出了琴，却没有开始弹。He took out the instrument, yet did not start playing.
- 这首歌听着简单，练起来却不容易。The song sounds simple, but is not easy to practise.
“没什么好X的”：认为不必如此
“没什么好X的” for no need to do something
这个格式表示说话人认为某种反应没有必要，也可用“有什么好X的”反问。对他人说时可能显得轻视，要注意情境。
例句
- 只是把时间改了一下，没什么好担心的。It is only a change of time; there is no need to worry.
- 我们还有时间准备，有什么好着急的？We still have time to prepare. Why rush?
“无忧无虑”：固定表达
The fixed expression “无忧无虑”
“无忧无虑”形容没有忧愁和顾虑，常用于描述轻松的状态；不能把所有“无A无B”都当成可以自由造出的词。
例句
- 照片里，孩子们玩得无忧无虑。In the photograph, the children play without a care.
- 他想起了那段无忧无虑的日子。He remembers those carefree days.
“尽管……但是/可是……”：事实让步
“尽管……但是/可是……” for concession
“尽管”承认已经存在的事实，后面说明与常见预期不同的情况；后半句也可用“还是”等呼应。
例句
- 尽管时间不多，但是我们聊得很开心。Although time was short, we enjoyed the conversation.
- 尽管外面很冷，他们还是去了公园。Although it was cold, they still went to the park.
“不管/无论/不论……都/也……”：条件变化不影响结果
“不管/无论/不论……都/也……” across conditions
前半句用疑问词或选择形式列出可能条件，后半句说明结果不受这些变化影响。“无论、不论”较常见于正式表达。
例句
- 不管谁先到，都在门口等一会儿。Whoever arrives first waits at the entrance.
- 无论下雨还是晴天，今天的室内活动都照常举行。Whether rainy or sunny, today’s indoor event proceeds as scheduled.
“就是……也……”：口语让步
“就是……也……” for conversational concession
这里的“就是”引出假设条件，意思接近“即使”，后面用“也”表示结果仍然成立。
例句
- 就是只有十分钟，我也想坐下来听你说。Even if I have only ten minutes, I want to sit and listen.
- 就是今天不出门，我们也有自己的安排。Even if we stay home today, we still have our plans.
“各位、此”：称呼与书面指示
“各位” and “此”
“各位”是对多人的礼貌称呼；“此”表示“这”，偏书面语，常见于“此处、此次”等表达。
例句
- 各位，请先看活动介绍。Everyone, please read the introduction first.
- 此处可以借阅图书。Books may be borrowed here.
“全”：范围中的全部
“全” for the whole range
“全”可在谓语前说明主语范围内没有例外；也可组成“全场”等表达。
例句
- 参加者全到齐了。All participants have arrived.
- 这些书我全读过了。I have read all these books.
“作为”：说明身份或用途
“作为” for a role or use
“作为”可引出身份、立场或用途，后面的说明要与这一角色有关。
例句
- 作为参加者，我想分享一个问题。As a participant, I would like to share a question.
- 这份书目可以作为选书参考。This booklist can serve as a guide to choosing books.
“此外”：增加另一项信息
“此外” for another point
“此外”在已有内容之外补充另一项相关信息，较常用于书面语。
例句
- 现场可以读书。此外，还可以参加分享。Visitors can read on site. There is also a sharing session.
- 这本书介绍街道。此外，它还记录了居民的生活。This book introduces the streets and also records residents’ lives.
“等”：列举后表示还有同类内容
“等” after a list
“等”放在列举内容后，表示还有同类项目；“等人”也可概括前面列举的人。
例句
- 这里有历史、自然等方面的书。There are books on history, nature and other subjects.
- 李安、玛雅等人参加了活动。Li An, Maya and others attended.
常见问题
HSK 4 级要掌握哪些语法？
这里列出的是 HuWolMont 4 级教材实际讲到的语法点，按课排列，可以对照复习。
光看讲解够吗？
不够。每个语法点在 App 里都有练习和即时反馈，学完一课还有学习自查。
内容来自 HuWolMont HSK 3.0 教材（按 2025 版考试大纲编写）。