意味と解説は現在英語のみです。
2 級
自己；姓与姓名
“自己”; surname and full name
“自己” refers to oneself. “姓” can be a verb or a noun; “名” is the given name, and “姓名” is the full name.
例文
- 我姓陈，姓名是陈平。请介绍一下自己。My surname is Chen, and my full name is Chen Ping. Please introduce yourself.
称人数与班级序号
Counting people and naming classes
“名” counts people such as students; “位” is a respectful classifier for people. In “二班、三班,” numbers identify classes rather than count them.
例文
- 二班来了两名新同学和一位新老师。Two new students and a new teacher have joined Class Two.
时间短语作谓语
A time phrase as the predicate
To state a time, a noun phrase can serve as the predicate without “是”. “现在九点” states the current time.
例文
- 现在九点，我们开始上课吧。It’s nine o’clock now. Let’s start class.
频率与共同活动
Frequency and shared activities
“每” means each or every, as in “每天、每周.” “常、经常” mean often; “有时” means sometimes. “一起” indicates doing something together.
例文
- 我们每天读书，经常一起读。We read every day and often read together.
动作持续多久
How long an action lasts
An amount of time after an action can state its duration. “读书一个小时” means reading for an hour; it does not count how many times the action occurs.
例文
- 我每天读书一个小时。I read for an hour every day.
主谓短语描述人物
Describing a person with a subject–predicate phrase
In “他个子很高,” “他” is the subject of the whole sentence, and “个子很高” describes a feature of his. You can also say “他的个子很高.”
例文
- 她眼睛很大。他个子很高。She has large eyes. He is tall.
说明特征的“是”
“是” for identifying a characteristic
“是” can identify a characteristic of a person or thing. “衣服是黑色的” gives the colour of the clothing. “王明有一米八高” uses “有” to state a height reached; the spoken form “一米八” means 1.8 metres.
例文
- 王明有一米八高，衣服是白色的。Wang Ming is 1.8 metres tall and is wearing white.
“好高”和“多高”
Degree with “好” and “多”
“好 + adjective” can express a degree that stands out to the speaker. “多 + adjective” asks about degree.
例文
- 这个男孩儿好高！他有多高？This boy is so tall! How tall is he?
“的”字短语
Phrases ending in “的”
“红色的、绿色的” refer to the understood red or green schoolbags without repeating “书包.” Such a phrase can be an object, as in “我想买绿色的.”
例文
- 这个是红色的，我想买绿色的。This one is red. I want a green one.
“条”和“包”
The classifiers “条” and “包”
“条” can count trousers. As a noun, “包” means a bag; in “一包茶,” it counts a packetful. As a verb, it means wrapping something, for example in paper.
例文
- 一条裤子。一包茶。A pair of trousers. A packet of tea.
方位词与“面”
Position words with “面”
“面” can follow position words, as in “前面、后面、上面、下面、里面、外面.” The named person, object or space provides the reference point.
例文
- 书包在桌子下面。The schoolbag is under the desk.
状态持续与存现
A continuing state and what is in a place
“Verb + 着” can describe a continuing state. “门开着” says the door is open. “Place + verb + 着 + object” can state what is in a place and its state.
例文
- 桌子上面放着几本书。A few books are lying on the desk.
房间与家具的量词
Classifiers for rooms and furniture
“间” counts rooms. “张” counts items such as beds and tables.
例文
- 一间房间。一张床。One room. One bed.
不确定的数量与呼唤
An approximate quantity and calling to someone
Here “几本书” means an unspecified small number of books; it is not a question. In “有事请叫我,” “叫” means calling to someone.
例文
- 桌子上面有几本书。有事请叫我。There are a few books on the desk. Call me if you need anything.
“帮”与“请、叫、让”
“帮” and asking someone to act
“帮 + person + action” says whom you help. “请、叫、让 + person + action + object” says whom you ask to do something; “请” sounds more polite. “帮忙” can stand alone, and “帮个忙” is also possible.
例文
- 林华老师请玛雅拿本子，也叫诺亚拿几本。Lin Hua asks Maya to carry the notebooks and Noah to take a few as well.
- 老师让我们读课文。The teacher asks us to read the passage.
- 请帮个忙，拿一下这些本子。Please help me carry these notebooks.
动作重叠与“地”
Verb repetition and “地”
“看看、看一看” suggest a brief action and soften the tone. In “慢慢地读,” “慢慢” describes how the reading happens, and “地” links the description to the action.
例文
- 你看看这本书。你慢慢地读，我听。Have a look at this book. Read it slowly, and I will listen.
进入的方向
Moving in
“进” indicates movement from outside to inside. In “走进教室,” it gives the direction of walking. After an action verb, “进来” moves towards the speaker’s location, while “进去” moves away from it.
例文
- 我在教室里，他从门外走进来。I’m in the classroom, and he walks in from outside.
- 朋友在教室里，我们走进去找他。Our friend is in the classroom, so we walk in to find him.
伴随动作的“着”
“着” for an accompanying action
“拿着本子走” means walking while holding notebooks. Holding the notebooks accompanies the walking.
例文
- 她拿着书走进房间。She walks into the room holding a book.
移动方向与说话位置
Movement and the speaker’s position
上, 下 and 出 describe a direction of movement. The choice between 来 and 去 also depends on the point of reference. Maya, speaking from the first floor, says “我上去”; Noah, speaking to her from the second, says “我下来.” For Noah, Maya’s location is the destination expressed with 来.
例文
- 我在楼下，你下来吧。你在楼上，我上去找你。I’m downstairs; come down. You’re upstairs; I’ll go up to find you.
动词后的方向
Directions after a verb
A direction can follow an action verb. Both “走出来” and “走出去” describe leaving an inside space, but “来” and “去” use different points of reference. “拿起来” describes lifting something.
例文
- “走上楼、走下楼”中的“上、下”只说明上行或下行；再加“来、去”才需要看说话位置。In “走上楼、走下楼,” “上、下” give only the upward or downward direction. Adding “来、去” also brings in a point of reference.
- 我走上楼找朋友，见面后我们一起走下楼。I walk upstairs to find my friend, and we walk downstairs together after meeting.
- 我在门外，他从教室里走出来。我在教室里，他走出去。I’m outside the classroom and he walks out towards me. When I’m inside, he walks out away from me.
起点、方向与距离
Starting point, direction and distance
从 introduces the starting point of a route; 往 introduces its direction. 离 links two places when describing the distance between them, while 近 and 远 describe that distance.
例文
- 从学校往车站走。车站离学校很近。Walk from the school towards the station. The station is close to the school.
左、右和方位词
Left, right and position words
往左 and 往右 tell you which way to move; 左边 and 右边 locate something to one side. In directions, left and right are usually relative to the way the person is facing or walking. For example, when walking from the bookshop towards the school, the station is on the right.
例文
- 往左走。车站在路的右边。Go left. The station is on the right side of the road.
连续的动作
A sequence of actions
In “走到书店，往左走,” reaching the bookshop comes first; turning left is the next step. The order of actions matters when following directions.
例文
- “走到书店买书”把同一个人的两个动作连在一起：先走到书店，再买书。“走到书店买书” links two actions by the same person: walking to the bookshop and then buying a book.
- 走到书店，往左走。Walk to the bookshop, then turn left.
- 我走到书店买书。I walk to the bookshop to buy a book.
“可能”表示不确定
Possibility with “可能”
In “可能会下雨,” “可能” expresses uncertainty about whether something will happen. In “有这个可能,” it means a possibility.
例文
- 明天可能是晴天。It might be sunny tomorrow.
原因与结果
Cause and result
“因为” introduces a reason and “所以” introduces a result. “因为可能下雨” gives a possible event as the reason; “因为大雨” names the reason. A sentence may also use just “因为” or “所以.”
例文
- 因为公园很近，所以我们走路去。The park is close, so we will walk there.
- 因为大雨，我们今天不出门。We are not going out today because of the heavy rain.
转折、让步与接话
Contrast, concession and responding
“但” and “但是” link contrasting points. “虽然……，但是……” acknowledges one situation before giving a different view or result.
例文
- “那好”承接对方的提议，表示说话人接受后接着说自己的决定。“那好” responds to the other person’s suggestion before stating a decision.
- 虽然天阴了，但是他们还想去公园。Although it is cloudy, they still want to go to the park.
“还是”提问与作选择
Asking and deciding with “还是”
In “你喝咖啡还是奶茶？”, “还是” asks someone to choose. “我还是点鱼吧” presents a choice made after thinking it over; “吧” softens the decision. The two uses are different.
例文
- 选择两个做法时，也可以说“是吃鱼，还是吃肉”；这里的“是”可以省去。To choose between two actions, you can also say “是吃鱼，还是吃肉”; “是” can be omitted here.
- 你喝咖啡还是奶茶？Would you like coffee or milk tea?
- 我还是点鱼吧。I think I’ll order fish after all.
点餐时的选择
Making a choice when ordering
At a restaurant, “点” means ordering food or a drink. “鱼、肉什么的” gives examples without listing every dish; it is conversational.
例文
- 我点鱼，你点什么？I’ll order fish. What would you like?
动词后的结果
Results after a verb
“读懂” means understanding after reading, “写错” means writing something incorrectly, and “读完” means finishing reading. “学会” means learning how to do something, while “写好” means finishing a piece of writing as needed.
例文
- 我读完了，但没读懂。I finished reading it, but I did not understand it.
- 我学会写这个字了。她写好了答案。I’ve learned to write this character. She has finished writing her answer.
动词和主谓短语修饰名词
Verbs and subject–predicate phrases before a noun
In “喜欢读书的同学,” the verb phrase “喜欢读书” describes which classmate. In “老师教的字,” the subject–predicate phrase “老师教” identifies the character. “的” links each description to its noun.
例文
- 喜欢读书的同学是陈平。老师教的字在这本书里。The classmate who likes reading is Chen Ping. The character the teacher taught is in this book.
把动作说得简短
Trying an action briefly
“看看” and “看一看” can suggest a brief look or an attempt to look; “看了看” shows that the brief look has taken place. A two-syllable verb can be repeated too, as in “介绍介绍.”
例文
- 你先看一看题，再写答案。Look at the question first, then write your answer.
- 她看了看课文，找到了答案。She looked over the passage and found the answer.
- 请给我介绍介绍这本书。Tell me a little about this book, please.
用“比”比较
Comparing with “比”
“A 比 B + adjective” compares two people or things. “你跑步比我快” compares running speed.
例文
- “比”也可以作动词。“我们比一比”表示一起较量。“比” can also be a verb. “我们比一比” invites someone to compete.
- 今天比昨天热。Today is hotter than yesterday.
“得”说明动作怎样进行
Describing an action with “得”
“Verb + 得 + adjective” describes how an action is done. To compare two people doing the same sport, you can say “我比他踢得好” or “我踢足球踢得比他好”.
例文
- 她跑得很快。他比我跑得快。She runs fast. He runs faster than I do.
- 我比他踢得好。I play better than he does.
“跑步”作活动词
“跑步” as an activity verb
“跑步” names the activity of running: “去跑步” and “跑步半个小时” are both possible. “打篮球” and “踢足球” name different ball games.
例文
- 我们周末去跑步。We go running at weekends.
活动词与单字动作
Activity verbs and their shorter forms
“游泳” and “跳舞” name activities. Once the activity is clear, “游了三十分钟” and “我自己也跳了” can refer to the swimming or dancing.
例文
- 她喜欢游泳，今天游了半个小时。She likes swimming and swam for half an hour today.
动作持续的时间
Duration of an action
An amount of time after an action tells how long it lasted. The separable activity verb “跳舞” can also appear as “跳了半个小时舞.”
例文
- 我们跳了半个小时舞。We danced for half an hour.
- 我们游了半个小时泳。We swam for half an hour.
形容词重叠
Reduplicated adjectives
“高兴” can become “高高兴兴” to describe a happy state; “慢” can become “慢慢地” to describe how an action is done. Not every adjective can be repeated this way.
例文
- 跳完舞，我们高高兴兴地回家了。After dancing, we went home happily.
“过”与经历
Past experience with “过”
“过” after a verb can express a past experience. “来过两次” says someone has visited before and states how many times.
例文
- 我去过这个博物馆，但没去过上海。I have been to this museum, but I have never been to Shanghai.
用“次”数经历
Counting occasions with “次”
“一次” and “两次” count how often an action or experience has occurred. “第一次” identifies the first occasion in a sequence.
例文
- 他来过两次，这是我第一次来。He has been here twice; this is my first visit.
大数和概数
Larger and approximate numbers
“万” means ten thousand, while “好多” means a large number. In “一万多个字,” “多” comes before the measure word; in “一年多,” it comes after the time unit. The last two forms express an approximate amount above the stated number.
例文
- 这本书有一万多个字。This book has more than ten thousand characters.
用“是……的”突出已发生的事
Focusing on a completed event with “是……的”
When talking about an event that has already happened, “是……的” can focus on when, where, how or who. The arrival at the airport is known; “我是坐地铁来的” highlights the means of travel.
例文
- 我是中午出门的。I left at noon.
- 我是从酒店出门的。I left from the hotel.
- 我是坐地铁来的。I came by metro.
站点的顺序
Numbering stops
“第一站、第二站、第三站” use “第 + number + classifier” to identify order. The number gives the stop’s position in a sequence, not the total number of stops.
例文
- 到了第三站，车上的人多了。By the third stop, there were more people on the train.
“回来、回去”的参照
Return with “回来、回去”
At the bookshop, Noah says “回去” because the language centre is elsewhere. Once he reaches its entrance, he says “我回来了.”
例文
- 动作后也可以只用一个方向词。“拿来”表示把东西带到说话人所在处；“拿回”表示拿回原来的地方；“飞去”表示向别处飞。A single direction word can also follow an action verb. “拿来” brings something towards the speaker; “拿回” brings it back to its original place; “飞去” describes flying elsewhere.
- 我在教室里，诺亚拿来一本书。I’m in the classroom, and Noah brings me a book.
- 我从朋友那儿拿回了自己的书。I got my own book back from my friend.
“过来、过去”和“走过”
Moving over and passing by
Noah at the entrance asks Maya inside to “过来”; from where she is, Maya says “过去.” In “走过饭馆,” “过” means passing a place.
例文
- 他走过书店，走过来找我。He walks past the bookshop and comes over to find me.
- 我从教室走过去找他。I walk over from the classroom to find him.
动词后用“给”指出接受者
Naming the recipient with “给” after a verb
In “拿给玛雅一本书,” “给” follows the action verb and introduces the person receiving the book.
例文
- 诺亚拿给玛雅一本书。Noah hands Maya a book.
“小时候”与“从小”
Talking about childhood
“小时候” refers to a period in childhood. “从小” stresses a starting point in childhood and often connects it to later life or the present.
例文
- 我小时候喜欢跑步，从小到大都喜欢运动。I liked running as a child and have enjoyed exercise ever since.
“送给”说清赠送对象
Giving with “送给”
“送给 + person” identifies the recipient. “送给奶奶一些花” names both the recipient and the gift; “这些花送给奶奶” mentions the gift first.
例文
- “给＋人＋动作”把受益的人放在动作前，如“给奶奶买花”，意思是为奶奶买花。“给 + person + action” places the beneficiary before the action. “给奶奶买花” means buying flowers for Grandma.
- 王欣送给奶奶一些花。Wang Xin gives Grandma some flowers.
祝福和回应
Greetings and responses
“生日快乐” is a birthday greeting. “好啊” warmly accepts a suggestion; “啊” gives it a friendly tone.
例文
- 生日快乐！谢谢你，花真好看！Happy birthday! Thank you, the flowers are lovely!
“比”和数量差
Comparing a difference in amount
“这条路比那条长” compares distance; “多花十分钟” gives the difference in walking time. A time difference alone does not measure a road’s length.
例文
- 比较句后面还可以用“长得多”说明程度差，但不说出具体相差多少米。“长得多” can express a large difference in length without giving an exact measurement.
- 走这条路比走那条路多花十分钟。This route takes ten minutes longer to walk than the other one.
- 这条路比那条路长七百米。This route is seven hundred metres longer than the other one.
“最”与“这么、那么”
Preference and degree
“最” identifies the favourite among routes being discussed. “这么” and “那么” can express a perceived degree. When comparing routes, you can ask whether A is as long as B or say that it is not as long.
例文
- “那么”也可承接前一句，表示“既然如此，就……”。“那么” can also introduce a decision that follows from what was just said: “in that case, ...”
- 我最喜欢这条路，没想到它这么长。I like this route best, but I did not realise it was so long.
- 商场前面那条路没有公园旁边那条路那么长。The route by the shopping centre is not as long as the one by the park.
用“为什么”询问原因
Asking why with “为什么”
“为什么” asks for a reason. The answer can use “因为” or state the reason directly.
例文
- 你为什么今天不去？我头有点儿疼。Why aren’t you going today? I have a bit of a headache.
“啊”表达即时回应
“啊” in a response
“啊” can show an immediate reaction to new information. “啊，那你今天在家休息吧” acknowledges the message before making a suggestion.
例文
- 啊，原来你今天不舒服。Oh, I see you are not feeling well today.
“正”表示动作正在进行
Action in progress with “正”
“正” before a verb says an action is happening at the time in question. “正在看” has the same meaning here.
例文
- 我正看书，等我看完再说。I’m reading. Let’s talk when I have finished.
“跟”：交谈对象与并列的人
“跟”: speaking with and linking people
In “跟 + person + 说话,” “跟” identifies the person being spoken with. In “李安跟朋友都想知道,” it joins two people and means “and.” “告诉 + person + information” identifies who receives the information.
例文
- 我跟朋友说话，告诉他今天的事情。I talk with my friend and tell him what happened today.
- 李安跟朋友都想知道旧车票怎么用。Li An and his friend both want to know how the old tickets were used.
“已经……了”说完成
Something already done
“已经” says an event has happened or a state has been reached before speaking. “已经开始了” and “已经准备好了” describe what is already true, not future plans.
例文
- 他们已经写好卡片了。They have already finished writing the cards.
“都……了”表示全都完成
Everything is done
“都……了” can say that everything within the stated scope is done. In the text, Wang Ming first says the cards are unfinished; only after Wang Xin writes hers does he say “卡片都写好了.”
例文
- 水果都买好了，卡片还没写完。All the fruit has been bought, but the cards are not finished yet.
用“别”提出请求
Making a request with “别”
“别 + verb” can ask someone not to do something. Tone depends on context; here “先别关” asks Wang Ming not to close the door yet.
例文
- 别关门，我还要看一会儿。Don’t close the door yet; I want to watch a little longer.
“一……就……”连接先后动作
One action followed by another
“一……就……” can show that one action is followed quickly by another. “刚画好……就飞走了” expresses a similar sequence in the text.
例文
- 她一听见鸟叫，就走到门边。As soon as she hears the bird, she goes to the doorway.
“快要……了”说即将发生的事
Something about to happen
“活动快要结束了” says the event has not ended yet but soon will. “要……了,” “快要……了” and “就要……了” can all refer to something about to happen. In “快开始了,” “快” means soon, not fast.
例文
- 电影快要开始了，我们已经到了。The film is about to start, and we have already arrived.
- 活动要结束了，我们下次再接着读。The event is about to end; we’ll carry on reading next time.
- 电影快开始了；电影就要开始了。The film will start soon; it is about to start.
受事作主语
The affected thing as subject
“机票已经买好了” starts with the ticket and describes its state; the buyer need not be named.
例文
- 晚饭已经做好了。Dinner has already been prepared.
よくある質問
HSK 2 級ではどんな文法が必要ですか？
HuWolMont 2 級教材で実際に学ぶ文法を課の順に並べています。
解説を読むだけで足りますか？
足りません。アプリでは文法ごとに練習とその場のフィードバックがあり、各課の最後に学習チェックがあります。
HuWolMont HSK 3.0 教材（2025 年版 HSK 大綱準拠）より。